Intermediate Grammar
Master English grammar one unit at a time. Clear notes, then 40+ interactive exercises with instant feedback — based on the topics in English Grammar in Use (Intermediate).
If I had known … and I wish I had known …“if + past perfect (imagined past) · would have + done · wish + past perfect” — 44 interactive questions
📖 Grammar Reference — If I had known … and I wish I had known …
Study the notes, then work through the six exercises.
A If I had known… — imagine a different past
Use this when you look back at the past and imagine it differently. The real thing didn’t happen, so we use the past perfect after if:
💡 No would in the if-part: If I would have known… → If I had known…
B The past perfect after if means it didn’t happen
Don’t read had known · had left · had asked as real events. They describe an unreal past — the opposite of what really happened:
| If you had asked… imagine | but you didn’t ask. |
| If I had had time… imagine | but I didn’t have time. |
C The main part: would / could / might have + done
Choose the meaning you want. All three use have + done after the modal:
💡 For the negative: wouldn’t have + done — we wouldn’t have missed it means “we missed it” turned around.
D I wish I had known… — I’m sorry about the past
Use wish + past perfect to regret something that already happened — you’d like the past to have been different:
💡 I wish I have studied / I wish I studied (about the past) → I wish I had studied.
Made with care for English learners · allenglish4u.com
Original practice material inspired by the English Grammar in Use syllabus (Cambridge University Press). Example sentences and exercises are written by All English 4U.